By Evangeline De Leon, SPT
More than 50 million adults suffer from some form of arthritis with osteoarthritis (OA) being the most common type, followed by rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis. OA is also the most frequent cause of disability among older adults but what exactly is osteoarthritis?
There is tissue, known as cartilage, that sits in between the bones of joints in order to provide cushioning. OA is when the cartilage begins to break down and wear away overtime, leaving bones of a joint exposed to rub against each other. Beside general joint degeneration, there are other causes and risk factors to consider that may contribute to the onset OA, such as: age, sex, previous joint injury, excess weight, overuse, misalignment, and genetics. OA can affect any joint but it commonly occurs in the hands, low back, neck, and weight-bearing joints (hips, knees, and feet).
Now, how do you know if you have osteoarthritis? A thorough medical and physical examination, imaging, and lab tests can be used to help with the diagnosis but there several signs and symptoms that can help identify the presence of OA. Common signs and symptoms include:
Joint stiffness, especially right after you wake up or after resting
Joint pain, aching, or tenderness
Swelling
Limited range of motion
Decreased strength
Clicking, crunching, or cracking sound
In addition to joint pain and limited mobility, OA can also indirectly have a negative impact on one’s health and result in obesity, high cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease, and/or high blood pressure. Individuals with OA may also experience an increase in falls with a higher risk of fractures due to decreased muscular strength or adverse side effects of prescribed medications.
Unfortunately, there is no known cure but the pain and negative health conditions associated with the OA can be treated. Medication, changes in lifestyle, and surgery are common approaches to treatment but the most essential component of treating OA is exercise. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, it is strongly recommended for individuals with OA to get at least 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous exercise per week. Physical therapists are a great resource to help alleviate pain and develop an appropriate exercise program that includes strengthening, stretching, cardio, and balance exercises. If you’re interested in learning more about OA, see a physical therapist today and begin your journey towards a pain-free life.